Özelliklere ve API'lere Genel Bakış

Android 14, geliştiriciler için harika özellikler ve API'ler sunuyor. Aşağıdaki yardım kaynakları, uygulamalarınızdaki özellikler hakkında bilgi edinmenize ve ilgili API'leri kullanmaya başlamanıza yardımcı olur.

Eklenen, değiştirilen ve kaldırılan API'lerin ayrıntılı listesi için API farkı raporunu inceleyin. Eklenen API'lerle ilgili ayrıntılar için Android API referansını ziyaret edin. Android 14 için API düzeyi 34'te eklenen API'leri bulun. Platform değişikliklerinin uygulamalarınızı etkileyebileceği alanlar hakkında bilgi edinmek için Android 14'ü hedefleyen uygulamalar ve tüm uygulamalar için Android 14 davranış değişiklikleri bölümünü inceleyin.

Uluslararası hale getirme

Uygulamaya özgü dil tercihleri

Android 14 expands on the per-app language features that were introduced in Android 13 (API level 33) with these additional capabilities:

  • Automatically generate an app's localeConfig: Starting with Android Studio Giraffe Canary 7 and AGP 8.1.0-alpha07, you can configure your app to support per-app language preferences automatically. Based on your project resources, the Android Gradle plugin generates the LocaleConfig file and adds a reference to it in the final manifest file, so you no longer have to create or update the file manually. AGP uses the resources in the res folders of your app modules and any library module dependencies to determine the locales to include in the LocaleConfig file.

  • Dynamic updates for an app's localeConfig: Use the setOverrideLocaleConfig() and getOverrideLocaleConfig() methods in LocaleManager to dynamically update your app's list of supported languages in the device's system settings. Use this flexibility to customize the list of supported languages per region, run A/B experiments, or provide an updated list of locales if your app utilizes server-side pushes for localization.

  • App language visibility for input method editors (IMEs): IMEs can utilize the getApplicationLocales() method to check the language of the current app and match the IME language to that language.

Grammatical Inflection API

3 milyar insan cinsiyete dayalı diller konuşuyor: İsim, fiil, sıfat ve edat gibi dil bilgisi kategorilerinin, konuştuğunuz veya bahsettiğiniz kişilerin ve nesnelerin cinsiyetine göre değiştiği diller. Cinsiyetli dillerin çoğunda, geleneksel olarak varsayılan veya genel cinsiyet olarak eril dil bilgisi cinsiyeti kullanılır.

Kullanıcılara yanlış dil bilgisi cinsiyetiyle hitap etmek (ör. kadınları eril dil bilgisi cinsiyetiyle hitap etmek) performanslarını ve tutumlarını olumsuz yönde etkileyebilir. Buna karşılık, kullanıcının dil bilgisi açısından cinsiyetini doğru yansıtan bir kullanıcı arayüzü, kullanıcı etkileşimini artırabilir ve daha kişiselleştirilmiş ve doğal bir kullanıcı deneyimi sunabilir.

To help you build a user-centric UI for gendered languages, Android 14 introduces the Grammatical Inflection API, which lets you add support for grammatical gender without refactoring your app.

Bölgeye özgü tercihler

Regional preferences enable users to personalize temperature units, the first day of the week, and numbering systems. A European living in the United States might prefer temperature units to be in Celsius rather than Fahrenheit and for apps to treat Monday as the beginning of the week instead of the US default of Sunday.

New Android Settings menus for these preferences provide users with a discoverable and centralized location to change app preferences. These preferences also persist through backup and restore. Several APIs and intents—such as getTemperatureUnit and getFirstDayOfWeek— grant your app read access to user preferences, so your app can adjust how it displays information. You can also register a BroadcastReceiver on ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED to handle locale configuration changes when regional preferences change.

To find these settings, open the Settings app and navigate to System > Languages & input > Regional preferences.

Regional preferences screen in Android system settings.
Temperature options for regional preferences in Android system settings.

Erişilebilirlik

%200'e kadar doğrusal olmayan yazı tipi ölçeklendirme

Starting in Android 14, the system supports font scaling up to 200%, providing low-vision users with additional accessibility options that align with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).

To prevent large text elements on screen from scaling too large, the system applies a nonlinear scaling curve. This scaling strategy means that large text doesn't scale at the same rate as smaller text. Nonlinear font scaling helps preserve the proportional hierarchy between elements of different sizes while mitigating issues with linear text scaling at high degrees (such as text being cut off or text that becomes harder to read due to an extremely large display sizes).

Test your app with nonlinear font scaling

Enable the maximum font size in a device's accessibility settings to test your app.

If you already use scaled pixels (sp) units to define text sizing, then these additional options and scaling improvements are applied automatically to the text in your app. However, you should still perform UI testing with the maximum font size enabled (200%) to ensure that your app applies the font sizes correctly and can accommodate larger font sizes without impacting usability.

To enable 200% font size, follow these steps:

  1. Open the Settings app and navigate to Accessibility > Display size and text.
  2. For the Font size option, tap the plus (+) icon until the maximum font size setting is enabled, as shown in the image that accompanies this section.

Use scaled pixel (sp) units for text-sizes

Remember to always specify text sizes in sp units. When your app uses sp units, Android can apply the user's preferred text size and scale it appropriately.

Don't use sp units for padding or define view heights assuming implicit padding: with nonlinear font scaling sp dimensions might not be proportional, so 4sp + 20sp might not equal 24sp.

Convert scaled pixel (sp) units

Use TypedValue.applyDimension() to convert from sp units to pixels, and use TypedValue.deriveDimension() to convert pixels to sp. These methods apply the appropriate nonlinear scaling curve automatically.

Avoid hardcoding equations using Configuration.fontScale or DisplayMetrics.scaledDensity. Because font scaling is nonlinear, the scaledDensity field is no longer accurate. The fontScale field should be used for informational purposes only because fonts are no longer scaled with a single scalar value.

Use sp units for lineHeight

Always define android:lineHeight using sp units instead of dp, so the line height scales along with your text. Otherwise, if your text is sp but your lineHeight is in dp or px, it doesn't scale and looks cramped. TextView automatically corrects the lineHeight so that your intended proportions are preserved, but only if both textSize and lineHeight are defined in sp units.

Kamera ve medya içerikleri

Resimler için Ultra HDR

An illustration of Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) versus High Dynamic Range (HDR) image quality.

Android 14 adds support for High Dynamic Range (HDR) images that retain more of the information from the sensor when taking a photo, which enables vibrant colors and greater contrast. Android uses the Ultra HDR format, which is fully backward compatible with JPEG images, allowing apps to seamlessly interoperate with HDR images, displaying them in Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) as needed.

Rendering these images in the UI in HDR is done automatically by the framework when your app opts in to using HDR UI for its Activity Window, either through a manifest entry or at runtime by calling Window.setColorMode(). You can also capture compressed Ultra HDR still images on supported devices. With more colors recovered from the sensor, editing in post can be more flexible. The Gainmap associated with Ultra HDR images can be used to render them using OpenGL or Vulkan.

Kamera uzantılarında yakınlaştırma, odaklama, son görüntü ve daha fazlası

Android 14, kamera uzantılarını yükselterek ve iyileştirerek uygulamaların daha uzun işlem sürelerini yönetmesine olanak tanır. Bu sayede, desteklenen cihazlarda düşük ışıkta fotoğrafçılık gibi yoğun bilgi işlem gerektiren algoritmalar kullanılarak daha iyi görüntüler elde edilebilir. Bu özellikler, kamera uzantısı özelliklerini kullanırken kullanıcılara daha da güçlü bir deneyim sunar. Bu iyileştirmelere örnek olarak aşağıdakiler verilebilir:

Sensör içi yakınlaştırma

When REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_STREAM_USE_CASE in CameraCharacteristics contains SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW, your app can use advanced sensor capabilities to give a cropped RAW stream the same pixels as the full field of view by using a CaptureRequest with a RAW target that has stream use case set to CameraMetadata.SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_USE_CASES_CROPPED_RAW. By implementing the request override controls, the updated camera gives users zoom control even before other camera controls are ready.

Kayıpsız USB ses

Android 14 gains support for lossless audio formats for audiophile-level experiences over USB wired headsets. You can query a USB device for its preferred mixer attributes, register a listener for changes in preferred mixer attributes, and configure mixer attributes using the AudioMixerAttributes class. This class represents the format, such as channel mask, sample rate, and behavior of the audio mixer. The class allows for audio to be sent directly, without mixing, volume adjustment, or processing effects.

Geliştirici üretkenliği ve araçları

Kimlik Bilgisi Yöneticisi

Android 14 adds Credential Manager as a platform API, with additional support back to Android 4.4 (API level 19) devices through a Jetpack Library using Google Play services. Credential Manager aims to make sign-in easier for users with APIs that retrieve and store credentials with user-configured credential providers. Credential Manager supports multiple sign-in methods, including username and password, passkeys, and federated sign-in solutions (such as Sign-in with Google) in a single API.

Passkeys provide many advantages. For example, passkeys are built on industry standards, can work across different operating systems and browser ecosystems, and can be used with both websites and apps.

For more information, see the Credential Manager and passkeys documentation and the blogpost about Credential Manager and passkeys.

ve geri yükleme

Health Connect is an on-device repository for user health and fitness data. It allows users to share data between their favorite apps, with a single place to control what data they want to share with these apps.

On devices running Android versions prior to Android 14, Health Connect is available to download as an app on the Google Play store. Starting with Android 14, Health Connect is part of the platform and receives updates through Google Play system updates without requiring a separate download. With this, Health Connect can be updated frequently, and your apps can rely on Health Connect being available on devices running Android 14 or higher. Users can access Health Connect from the Settings in their device, with privacy controls integrated into the system settings.

Users can get started using Health Connect without a separate app download on devices running Android 14 or higher.
Users can control which apps have access to their health and fitness data through system settings.

Health Connect includes several new features in Android 14, such as exercise routes, allowing users to share a route of their workout which can be visualized on a map. A route is defined as a list of locations saved within a window of time, and your app can insert routes into exercise sessions, tying them together. To ensure that users have complete control over this sensitive data, users must allow sharing individual routes with other apps.

For more information, see the Health Connection documentation and the blogpost on What's new in Android Health.

OpenJDK 17 güncellemeleri

Android 14, Android'in temel kitaplıklarını en son OpenJDK LTS sürümlerindeki özelliklerle uyumlu hale getirmek için yenileme çalışmalarına devam ediyor. Bu çalışmalara hem kitaplık güncellemeleri hem de uygulama ve platform geliştiricileri için Java 17 dil desteği dahildir.

Aşağıdaki özellikler ve iyileştirmeler dahildir:

  • Yaklaşık 300 java.base sınıfı Java 17 desteği için güncellendi.
  • Java programlama diline çok satırlı dize değişmezleri getiren metin blokları.
  • instanceof için kalıp eşleştirme: Bir nesnenin instanceof içinde ek değişkenler olmadan belirli bir türe sahipmiş gibi değerlendirilmesine olanak tanır.
  • Hangi sınıfların ve arayüzlerin bunları genişletebileceğini veya uygulayabileceğini kısıtlamanıza olanak tanıyan mühürlü sınıflar.

Google Play sistem güncellemeleri (Mainline projesi) sayesinde 600 milyondan fazla cihaz, bu değişiklikleri içeren en son Android Runtime (ART) güncellemelerini alabilir. Bu, uygulamalara cihazlar genelinde daha tutarlı ve güvenli bir ortam sunma ve kullanıcılara platform sürümlerinden bağımsız olarak yeni özellikler ve özellikler sunma taahhüdümüzün bir parçasıdır.

Java ve OpenJDK, Oracle ve/veya satış ortaklarının ticari markaları ya da tescilli ticari markalarıdır.

Uygulama mağazalarıyla ilgili iyileştirmeler

Android 14 introduces several PackageInstaller APIs that allow app stores to improve their user experience.

Request install approval before downloading

Installing or updating an app might require user approval. For example, when an installer making use of the REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES permission attempts to install a new app. In prior Android versions, app stores can only request user approval after APKs are written to the install session and the session is committed.

Starting with Android 14, the requestUserPreapproval() method lets installers request user approval before committing the install session. This improvement lets an app store defer downloading any APKs until after the installation has been approved by the user. Furthermore, once a user has approved installation, the app store can download and install the app in the background without interrupting the user.

Claim responsibility for future updates

The setRequestUpdateOwnership() method allows an installer to indicate to the system that it intends to be responsible for future updates to an app it is installing. This capability enables update ownership enforcement, meaning that only the update owner is permitted to install automatic updates to the app. Update ownership enforcement helps to ensure that users receive updates only from the expected app store.

Any other installer, including those making use of the INSTALL_PACKAGES permission, must receive explicit user approval in order to install an update. If a user decides to proceed with an update from another source, update ownership is lost.

Update apps at less-disruptive times

App stores typically want to avoid updating an app that is actively in use because this leads to the app's running processes being killed, which potentially interrupts what the user was doing.

Starting with Android 14, the InstallConstraints API gives installers a way to ensure that their app updates happen at an opportune moment. For example, an app store can call the commitSessionAfterInstallConstraintsAreMet() method to make sure that an update is only committed when the user is no longer interacting with the app in question.

Seamlessly install optional splits

With split APKs, features of an app can be delivered in separate APK files, rather than as a monolithic APK. Split APKs allow app stores to optimize the delivery of different app components. For example, app stores might optimize based on the properties of the target device. The PackageInstaller API has supported splits since its introduction in API level 22.

In Android 14, the setDontKillApp() method allows an installer to indicate that the app's running processes shouldn't be killed when new splits are installed. App stores can use this feature to seamlessly install new features of an app while the user is using the app.

Uygulama meta verileri paketleri

Starting in Android 14, the Android package installer lets you specify app metadata, such as data safety practices, to include on app store pages such as Google Play.

Kullanıcıların cihaz ekran görüntüsü aldığını algılama

To create a more standardized experience for detecting screenshots, Android 14 introduces a privacy-preserving screenshot detection API. This API lets apps register callbacks on a per-activity basis. These callbacks are invoked, and the user is notified, when the user takes a screenshot while that activity is visible.

Kullanıcı deneyimi

Paylaşım sayfasındaki özel işlemler ve iyileştirilmiş sıralama

Android 14, sistem paylaşım sayfasını özel uygulama işlemlerini ve kullanıcılar için daha bilgilendirici önizleme sonuçlarını destekleyecek şekilde günceller.

Özel işlem ekleme

Android 14 ile uygulamanız, çağırdığı sistem paylaşım sayfasına özel işlemler ekleyebilir.

Paylaşım sayfasındaki özel işlemlerin ekran görüntüsü.

Doğrudan Paylaşım hedeflerinin sıralamasını iyileştirme

Android 14, kullanıcıya daha faydalı sonuçlar sunmak için doğrudan paylaşım hedeflerinin sıralamasını belirlemek amacıyla uygulamalardan daha fazla sinyal kullanır. Sıralama için en faydalı sinyali sağlamak üzere doğrudan paylaşım hedeflerinizin sıralamalarına ilişkin yönergeleri uygulayın. İletişim uygulamaları, giden ve gelen mesajlar için kısayol kullanımını da bildirebilir.

Paylaşım sayfasındaki Doğrudan Paylaşım satırı (1 ile gösterilmiştir)

Tahmine dayalı geri hareketi için yerleşik ve özel animasyon desteği

Video: Tahmin edilen geri gitme animasyonları

Android 13, geliştirici seçeneğiyle birlikte tahmine dayalı ana sayfaya geri gitme animasyonunu kullanıma sundu. Geliştirici seçeneği etkinleştirilmiş desteklenen bir uygulamada geri kaydırılırken, geri hareketinin uygulamadan çıkıp ana ekrana döndüğünü belirten bir animasyon gösterilir.

Android 14, Tahmini Geri özelliği için birden fazla iyileştirme ve yeni rehberlik içerir:

Bu Android 14 önizleme sürümünde, Tahmini Geri Yükleme'nin tüm özellikleri geliştirici seçeneği olarak sunulur. Uygulamanızı tahmini geriye taşıma ile ilgili geliştirici kılavuzunu ve özel uygulama içi geçişler oluşturma ile ilgili geliştirici kılavuzunu inceleyin.

Büyük ekranlı cihaz üreticilerinin uygulama başına geçersiz kılmaları

Per-app overrides enable device manufacturers to change the behavior of apps on large screen devices. For example, the FORCE_RESIZE_APP override instructs the system to resize the app to fit display dimensions (avoiding size compatibility mode) even if resizeableActivity="false" is set in the app manifest.

Overrides are intended to improve the user experience on large screens.

New manifest properties enable you to disable some device manufacturer overrides for your app.

Büyük ekran kullanıcılarının uygulama başına geçersiz kılmaları

Uygulama başına geçersiz kılmalar, büyük ekranlı cihazlardaki uygulamaların davranışını değiştirir. Örneğin, OVERRIDE_MIN_ASPECT_RATIO_LARGE cihaz üreticisi geçersiz kılma, uygulamanın yapılandırmasından bağımsız olarak uygulamanın en-boy oranını 16:9 olarak ayarlar.

Android 14 QPR1, kullanıcıların büyük ekranlı cihazlarda yeni bir ayarlar menüsü aracılığıyla uygulama başına geçersiz kılma işlemleri uygulamasını sağlar.

Uygulama ekran paylaşımı

App screen sharing enables users to share an app window instead of the entire device screen during screen content recording.

With app screen sharing, the status bar, navigation bar, notifications, and other system UI elements are excluded from the shared display. Only the content of the selected app is shared.

App screen sharing improves productivity and privacy by enabling users to run multiple apps but limit content sharing to a single app.

Pixel 8 Pro'da Gboard'da LLM destekli Akıllı Yanıt

On Pixel 8 Pro devices with the December Feature Drop, developers can try out higher-quality smart replies in Gboard powered by on-device Large Language Models (LLMs) running on Google Tensor.

This feature is available as a limited preview for US English in WhatsApp, Line, and KakaoTalk. It requires using a Pixel 8 Pro device with Gboard as your keyboard.

To try it out, first enable the feature in Settings > Developer Options > AiCore Settings > Enable Aicore Persistent.

Next, open a conversation in a supported app to see LLM-powered Smart Reply in Gboard's suggestion strip in response to incoming messages.

Gboard utilizes on-device LLMs to provide higher-quality smart replies.

Grafik

Yollar sorgulanabilir ve enterpolasyon yapılabilir

Android's Path API is a powerful and flexible mechanism for creating and rendering vector graphics, with the ability to stroke or fill a path, construct a path from line segments or quadratic or cubic curves, perform boolean operations to get even more complex shapes, or all of these simultaneously. One limitation is the ability to find out what is actually in a Path object; the internals of the object are opaque to callers after creation.

To create a Path, you call methods such as moveTo(), lineTo(), and cubicTo() to add path segments. But there has been no way to ask that path what the segments are, so you must retain that information at creation time.

Starting in Android 14, you can query paths to find out what's inside of them. First, you need to get a PathIterator object using the Path.getPathIterator API:

Kotlin

val path = Path().apply {
    moveTo(1.0f, 1.0f)
    lineTo(2.0f, 2.0f)
    close()
}
val pathIterator = path.pathIterator

Java

Path path = new Path();
path.moveTo(1.0F, 1.0F);
path.lineTo(2.0F, 2.0F);
path.close();
PathIterator pathIterator = path.getPathIterator();

Next, you can call PathIterator to iterate through the segments one by one, retrieving all of the necessary data for each segment. This example uses PathIterator.Segment objects, which packages up the data for you:

Kotlin

for (segment in pathIterator) {
    println("segment: ${segment.verb}, ${segment.points}")
}

Java

while (pathIterator.hasNext()) {
    PathIterator.Segment segment = pathIterator.next();
    Log.i(LOG_TAG, "segment: " + segment.getVerb() + ", " + segment.getPoints());
}

PathIterator also has a non-allocating version of next() where you can pass in a buffer to hold the point data.

One of the important use cases of querying Path data is interpolation. For example, you might want to animate (or morph) between two different paths. To further simplify that use case, Android 14 also includes the interpolate() method on Path. Assuming the two paths have the same internal structure, the interpolate() method creates a new Path with that interpolated result. This example returns a path whose shape is halfway (a linear interpolation of .5) between path and otherPath:

Kotlin

val interpolatedResult = Path()
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, .5f, interpolatedResult)
}

Java

Path interpolatedResult = new Path();
if (path.isInterpolatable(otherPath)) {
    path.interpolate(otherPath, 0.5F, interpolatedResult);
}

The Jetpack graphics-path library enables similar APIs for earlier versions of Android as well.

Köşe ve parça gölgelendiricileri içeren özel ağlar

Android has long supported drawing triangle meshes with custom shading, but the input mesh format has been limited to a few predefined attribute combinations. Android 14 adds support for custom meshes, which can be defined as triangles or triangle strips, and can, optionally, be indexed. These meshes are specified with custom attributes, vertex strides, varying, and vertex and fragment shaders written in AGSL.

The vertex shader defines the varyings, such as position and color, while the fragment shader can optionally define the color for the pixel, typically by using the varyings created by the vertex shader. If color is provided by the fragment shader, it is then blended with the current Paint color using the blend mode selected when drawing the mesh. Uniforms can be passed into the fragment and vertex shaders for additional flexibility.

Canvas için donanım arabelleği oluşturucu

Çizim yapmak için Android'in Canvas API'sini kullanma konusunda yardımcı olmak HardwareBuffer, Android 14 için donanım hızlandırma HardwareBufferRenderer tanıtılıyor. Bu API kullanım alanınız sistemle iletişimi içeriyorsa özellikle yararlıdır. düşük gecikme için SurfaceControl aracılığıyla birleştirici çizim.